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生物活性
Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The investigation of the pharmacology of epinephrine made a major contribution to the understanding of the autonomic system and the function of the sympathetic system. Epinephrine remains a useful medicine for several emergency indications. This is despite its non-specific action on adrenoceptors and the subsequent development of multiple selective medicines that target subtypes of the adrenoceptors. The word adrenaline is used in common parlance to denote increased activation of the sympathetic system associated with the energy and excitement of the fight-or-flight response, even though this is physiologically inaccurate. The influence of adrenaline is mainly limited to a metabolic effect and bronchodilation effect on organs devoid of direct sympathetic innervation [1, 2].
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体外研究
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体内研究
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激酶实验
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细胞实验
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动物实验
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不同实验动物依据体表面积的等效剂量转换表（数据来源于FDA指南）
|  动物 A (mg/kg) = 动物 B (mg/kg)×动物 B的Km系数/动物 A的Km系数 |
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例如，已知某工具药用于小鼠的剂量为88 mg/kg , 则用于大鼠的剂量换算方法：将88 mg/kg 乘以小鼠的Km系数（3），再除以大鼠的Km系数（6），得到该药物用于大鼠的等效剂量44 mg/kg。
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参考文献
[1] Berecek, K.H. and M.J. Brody, Evidence for a neurotransmitter role for epinephrine derived from the adrenal medulla. Am J Physiol, 1982. 242(4): p. H593-601.
[2] Warren, J., The adrenal medulla and the airway. Br J Dis Chest, 1986. 80(1): p. 1-6.
分子式
C9H13NO3 |
分子量
183.2 |
CAS号
51-43-4 |
储存方式
﹣20 ℃冷藏长期储存。冰袋运输 |
溶剂（常温）
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DMSO
5 mg/mL |
Water
<1 mg/mL |
Ethanol
<1 mg/mL |
体内溶解度
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Clinical Trial Information ( data from http://clinicaltrials.gov )
| NCT Number | Conditions | Interventions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Phases | Start Date | Last Updated |
| NCT01276821 | Bronchiolitis | Drug: L-Epinephrine and Normal Saline (0.9%)|Drug: L-Epinephrine and Hypertonic Saline (3%) | Dr. Aayush Khanal, MD|Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute Of Medicine. | Phase 4 | 2011-01-01 | 2013-04-23 |
| NCT01664507 | Croup|Epinephrine Neublizer Treatment | Drug: conventional dose epinephrine|Drug: low dose epinephrine | Seoul National University Hospital | Phase 4 | 2012-09-01 | 2012-08-09 |
注：以上所有数据均来自公开文献，并不保证对所有实验均有效，数据仅供参考。
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