TNF-alpha
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction. It is produced chiefly by activated macrophages, although it can be produced by many other cell types such as CD4+ lymphocytes, NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and neurons.
The primary role of TNF is in the regulation of immune cells. TNF, being an endogenous pyrogen, is able to induce fever, apoptotic cell death, cachexia, inflammation and to inhibit tumorigenesis and viral replication and respond to sepsis via IL1 & IL6 producing cells. Dysregulation of TNF production has been implicated in a variety of human diseases including Alzheimer's disease, cancer, major depression, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Though controversial, studies of depression and IBD are currently being linked to TNF levels. Recombinant TNF is used as an immunostimulant under the INN tasonermin. TNF can be produced ectopically in the setting of malignancy and parallels parathyroid hormone both in causing secondary hypercalcemia and in the cancers with which excessive production is associated.
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Thalidomide 能抑制由bFGF或VEGF诱导的体内血管生成。
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Necrostatin-1是一种特异性的RIP1抑制剂，抑制TNF-α诱导的坏死，EC50为490 nM。
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Pomalidomide能抑制LPS诱导的TNF-α释放，IC50为13 nM。
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TNF-α inhibitor Lenalidomide (CC-5013, LEN) is an immunomodulatory drug currently approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), 5q- myelodysplasia and mantle cell lymphoma. Lenalidomide (CC-5013)是Thalidomide的衍生物，是一种TNF-α分泌抑制剂，IC50为13 nM。
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