HIV
HIV (The human immunodeficiency virus) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells.[4] HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including pyroptosis of abortively infected T cells, apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells,[6] direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells.[7] When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.
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Etravirine是非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂，对野生型HIV-1的EC50为1.4 nM到4.8 nM。
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Tenofovir Disoproxil FumarateDisoproxil Fumarate能阻断HIV-1和HBV的逆转录酶，对HIV-1和HIV-2的IC50分别为0.5-2.2 uM和1.6-4.9 uM。
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Emtricitabine是HIV核苷逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTI）。
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Didanosine (去羟肌苷; Videx) 是逆转录酶抑制剂，IC50为490nM。
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Stavudine是核苷类似物，能抑制HIV逆转录酶。
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