E3 ubiquitin ligase
E3 ubiquitin ligase (A ubiquitin ligase ) is a protein that recruits an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that has been loaded with ubiquitin, recognizes a protein substrate, and assists or directly catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin from the E2 to the protein substrate. The ubiquitin is attached to a lysine on the target protein by an isopeptide bond. E3 ligases interact with both the target protein and the E2 enzyme, and so impart substrate specificity to the E2. Commonly, E3s polyubiquitinate their substrate with Lys48-linked chains of ubiquitin, targeting the substrate for destruction by the proteasome. However, many other types of linkages are possible and alter a protein's activity, interactions, or localization. Ubiquitination by E3 ligases regulates diverse areas such as cell trafficking, DNA repair, and signaling and is of profound importance in cell biology. E3 ligases are also key players in cell cycle control, mediating the degradation of cyclins, as well as cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor proteins.
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LY 2087101是α7 nAChRs的激动剂。
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Vinblastine能抑制nAChR，IC50为8.9 uM，还能抑制微管形成。
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PNU-120596是一种有效的α7 nAChR变构调节剂，EC50为216 nM。
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TAME是后期促进复合物（APC）抑制剂。
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ZLN005, also known as 2-(4-tert-Butylphenyl) benzimidazole, is a PGC-1α transcriptional regulator shows antidiabetic efficacy in a mouse model. ZLN005是新型过氧化物增殖激活受体协同激活子（PGC-1α）转录调节剂。
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