Sodium Channel
Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane. They are classified according to the trigger that opens the channel for such ions, i.e. either a voltage-change ("Voltage-gated", "voltage-sensitive", or "voltage-dependent" sodium channel also called "VGSCs" or "Nav channel") or a binding of a substance (a ligand) to the channel (ligand-gated sodium channels). In excitable cells such as neurons, myocytes, and certain types of glia, sodium channels are responsible for the rising phase of action potentials.
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Diphenylpyraline hydrochloride (DPP) is an internationally available antihistamine that produces therapeutic antiallergic effects by binding to histamine H₁ receptors.
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Epinastine is an antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer that is used in eye drops to treat allergic conjunctivitis.
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Ebastine is a potent H1-histamine receptor antagonist, used for allergic disorders.
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Mexiletine HCl belongs to Class IB anti-arrhythmic group of medicines, inhibits sodium channels to reduce the inward sodium current.
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Oxybuprocaine HCl is a local anesthetic, which is used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.
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